This document outlines the principles for stating learning objectives for each KM Node.
Following are the steps for defining learning objectives.
- Clearly outline the anticipated outcomes that learners will be able to demonstrate after engaging with each page.
- The learning objectives should be stated such that it correspond to these outcomes. It should guide what the content page should represent. Specify what learners will be able to do, ensuring that objectives:
- clearly defined or describes an action
- are measurable
- Ensure that objectives are learner-centric, focusing on the behaviors that learners should adopt after going through the content, rather than focusing on what the page will “teach”
- Incorporate action words from the Modified Bloom’s Taxonomy (see reference table below).
- Choose an action word from the various levels of objectives (Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, Evaluation) when formulating learning objectives, aligning them with the educational activity's overarching goal.
- Refrain from using vague terms like understand, learn, and know, as they lack measurability due to the absence of tangible outcomes.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Measurable Verbs:
Benjamin Bloom devised a taxonomy of measurable verbs to facilitate the description and categorization of observable knowledge, skills, attitudes, behaviours, and abilities. This theory posits that there exist discernible levels of observable actions indicative of cognitive activity within the brain. Through the utilization of measurable verbs in crafting learning objectives, the explicit actions required to demonstrate learning are articulated.
Table 1: Measurable verbs
|
Category |
Meaning |
Verbs |
||
|
Knowledge |
Remember previously learned information. |
Arrange Choose Cite Define Describe Draw Enumerate Identify Indicate Label List
|
Locate Match Name Order Outline Quote Read Recall Recite Recognize Record
|
Relate Repeat Reproduce Review Select State Study Tabulate Tally Tell Underline Write |
|
Comprehension |
Demonstrate an understanding of the facts. |
Articulate Associate Characterize Clarify Classify Compare Compute Contrast Convert Defend Describe Differentiate Discuss Distinguish Estimate Example |
Explain Express Extend Extrapolate Factor Generalize Give Give examples Identify Illustrate Indicate Infer Interpolate Interpret Locate Match Observe |
Organize Paraphrase Predict Recognise Relate Report Represent Restate Review Rewrite Select Summarize Tell Translate
|
|
Application |
Apply knowledge to actual situations. |
Acquire Act Adapt Apply Ascertain Assign Avoid Back Back up Calculate Capture Change Chart Choose Classify Complete Compute Construct Consult Convey Customise |
Demonstrate Develop Discover Dramatize Derive Employ Experiment Explain Execute Generalize Guide Identify Illustrate Implement Interpret Interview Manipulate Modify Obtain Operate Organize |
Paint Perform Practice Predict Prepare Produce Process Provide Relate Schedule Select Show Simulate Sketch Solve Translate Use Utilize Write |
|
Analysis |
Break down objects or ideas into simpler parts and find evidence to support generalizations. |
Administer Analyze Appraise Break Break down Calculate Categorize Chart Classify Compare Conclude Confirm Contrast Correlate Corroborate criticize Identify Illustrate Infer Inspect Debate |
Deduce Delegate Detect Diagnose Diagram Differentiate Discover Discriminate Dissect Distinguish Divide Document Ensure Establish evaluate Examine Experiment Figure Group Inventory Investigate |
Manage Monitor Order organize Outline Point out Predict Prioritize Question Reconcile Relate Resolve Select Separate Solve Subdivide Survey Test Transform Troubleshoot |
|
Synthesis |
Compile component ideas into a new whole or propose alternative solutions. |
Anticipate Appraise Argue Arrange Assemble Assess Brief Attach Choose Collect Compare Compile Conclude Consolidate Construct Contrast Core Counsel Create Criticize Critique Decide
|
Defend Describe Depict Design Develop Determine Discriminate Enhance Estimate Evaluate Explain Facilitate Formulate Frame Generate Grade Handle Invent Judge Manage Mediate Modify
|
Organise Prepare Prescribe Probe Propose Rate Rearrange Reconcile Refer Relate Release Reorganise Revise Rewrite Select Set up Specify Supervise Synthesize Test Value Verify Weigh |
|
Evaluation |
Make and defend judgments based on internal evidence or external criteria. |
Appraise Argue Arrange Assemble Assess Categorize Choose Collect Combine Compare Compile Compose Conclude Construct Create Design Develop Devise Estimate Evaluate
|
Explain Facilitate Formulate Generalize Generate Hypothesize Improve Integrate Invent Judge Justify Make Manage Measure Modify Organize Originate Plan Predict Prepare
|
Produce Propose Rate Rearrange Reconstruct Relate Reorganize Revise Rewrite Role-play Score Select Set up Specify Summarize Support Synthesize Tell Tell why Value Write |
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