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TB-HIV BURDEN
Learning ObjectivesTB-HIV Burden
The interaction between HIV and TB in co-infected persons is bidirectional and synergistic; on the one hand, HIV infection predisposes the development of active TB, and, on the other, the course of HIV-related immunodeficiency is worsened by active TB infection.
Globally and in India, TB is the most common opportunistic infection seen in HIV patients and a leading cause of death in these patients. The lifetime risk of TB in immune-competent persons is 5-10%, whereas, in an HIV-infected person, the annual risk of TB is 5-15%. Thus, people living with HIV are 18 (15-21) times more likely to develop active TB disease than people without HIV.
TB and HIV Burden Trends in India
India is one of the WHO’s 30 high TB/HIV burden countries; of the 3 million TB incident cases, close to 54000 occurred in HIV-infected persons (See Table 1 for more details). TB and HIV are major public health challenges in India and are leading causes of mortality and morbidity among all other infectious diseases.
INDICATORS | GLOBAL ESTIMATES | INDIA ESTIMATES |
---|---|---|
Total TB Incidence | 11 million | 3 000 000 |
HIV-positive TB Incidence | 703 000 | 54 000 |
HIV-positive TB Mortality | 187 000 | 11 000 |
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